Classical Conditioning Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks

Question: Examine about the Contemporary Healthcare System. Answer: The contemporary medicinal services framework is seeing an advancement that depends on the vision of maintaining wellbeing advancement and essential consideration along with network based home consideration. Despite the fact that clinics are the mainstay of the sound social insurance framework, the essential assistance isn't adequate to determine the issues of developing wellbeing needs. The Strengths-Based Nursing Care (SBC) is the transformative methodology that means to create, prepare and underwrite the quality of a patient for advancing wellbeing (Lowe and Byers 2017). The current paper is a reaction to the accompanying proclamation The qualities based nursing care approach can supplement the issue based (clinical model) way to deal with social insurance as of now obvious in Australian human services framework. As featured by Swartz (2017) qualities based nursing care can be an extraordinary methodology that would reform the methods of conveyance care to medicinal services purchasers. It is recognized that qualities of human services administration maintain certain qualities that have been wrecked in the previous barely any years because of the ascent of what is called as a technocratic period. A deficiency model is regularly found to win that doesn't underline on the center issues looked by medicinal services customers. On the off chance that administrations turn the attention on the qualities that people have, care would enable, community, wellbeing advancing and individual focused. Gottlieb (2014) in such manner expressed that qualities based nursing care is fundamental to be applied alongside the clinical model as an exhaustive consideration can be given that tends to the various needs of the patients. The utility is that it goes about as a vehicle for driving consideration toward a pat h that remembers assets and resources for beating tolerant issues. Difficulties can be defeated in a successful way and inside a shorter time span. Gottlieb and Gottlieb (2017) opined that clinical model of care would be increasingly noticeable in its viability in the event that it settles upon the qualities based nursing care model. The model of qualities based nursing care involves an unmitigated discerning of the individual that has the basic rule of understanding human uniqueness. Such a headway would be increasingly about revealing, finding, acknowledging and understanding the relational, intrapersonal, natural, and social qualities present with the goal that individual and group needs are met enough. The progression to be assumed is to position the patient and the family at the focal point of care. Enabling the patient would infer that self-administration would make ready for fast patient recuperation. The individual would be urged to partake and be responsible for his own human services and recuperating. Finally, it would be tied in with reestablishing the key points of interest of the nurseperson relationship that advanc es wellbeing. What's more, there may be a backhanded improvement in the particular nursing practice. From the above conversation, the derivation that can be drawn is that qualities based nursing care approach has the capability of encouraging recuperating of people when actualized in conjunct with the clinical model. Australian human services framework is at present confronting difficulties in tending to the expanding the requirements of the maturing populace and the amalgamation of the previously mentioned two modes would be profoundly valuable in such manner. Present day social insurance in Australia would be established in basic based intuition because of this coordinated effort. References Gottlieb, L.N. furthermore, Gottlieb, B., 2017. Qualities Based Nursing: A Process for Implementing a Philosophy Into Practice.Journal of Family Nursing, p.1074840717717731. Gottlieb, L.N., 2014. CE: Strengths-Based Nursing.AJN The American Journal of Nursing,114(8), pp.24-32. Lowe, G. furthermore, Byers, L., 2017. Upgrading Strengths Based Nursing Practice. Swartz, M.K., 2017. A Strength-Based Approach to Care.Journal of Pediatric Health Care,31(1), p.1.

History of Internet Essays

History of Internet Essays History of Internet Essay History of Internet Essay The term Internet’ was authored on October 24. 1995. Anyway the start of the internet and related develops are a lot more established. The current twenty-four hours Internet is the altered essence of the incipient twenty-four hours imparting framework and is the best representations of advantages of continued contributing and committedness to data base ( Leiner et al. . 2003 ) . The phenomenal incorporating of coaction. airing set out by a progression of slow modifications that the general public has experienced with respect to the imparting and network requests. As portrayed by Kristula ( 1997 ) . it was in 1957 that the USA framed ARPA ( Advanced Research Projects Agency ) inside the DoD ( Department of Defense ) to set up US lead in logical control and building relevant to the military. Until 1960’s. the registering machines worked about completely in bunch way. where plans were punched on tonss of cards and collected into groups for the informations to be taken care of in the nearby processing machine community. The interest for the clasp sharing framework had just set the stage for innovative work to do the clasp sharing conceivable on the processing machine frameworks. In an article. Hauben ( 1995 ) . expressed that the clasp sharing framework drove the establishment for the Interactive Computing. where the client could give and respond to the computer’s reactions in a way that group handling did non let. Both Robert Taylor and Larry Roberts. future substitutions of Licklider as administrator of ARPA’s IPTO ( Information Processing Techniques Office ) . pinpoint Licklider as the conceiver of the vision which set ARPA’s priorities and closes and in a general sense drove ARPA to help build up the develop and example of systems administration registering machines. Licklider has been portrayed as the male parent of present day twenty-four hours web. holding laid the seeds of the Intergalactic web. the underlying worldview of the Internet today. The vision of the interconnectedness and communication of various networks guided the imaginative action of the first ARPANET. The APRANET spearheaded of import disclosures in processing machine organizing building and the capacity to unite and use spread assets ( Winston. 1998 ) . In 1962. Paul Baran. a RAND look into specialist presented the develop of Packet Switching’ . while progressing in the direction of the interest of the U. S. specialists to take offer and control of any kind of nuclear invasion. Parcel move was critical to acknowledgment of processing machine networks and portrayed interfering with down of informations into ’message blocks’ known as bundles/datagrams. which were marked to bespeak the start and the completion. Baran’s technique was supported by phone trade methodological examination being utilized by data hypothesis. The data was presently sent in unmistakable packages around a web to achieve a similar result †an all the more even progression of informations through the full web. A similar build other than created by British registering machine trailblazer Donald Watt known as Davies’s Pilot Ace. Baran’s Distributive Adaptive Message Blockswitching became Watt Davies’s Packet Switching’ . The primary host associated with the ARPANET was the SDS Sigma-7 on Sept. 2. 1969 at the UCLA ( University of California in Los Angeles ) site. It started go throughing spots to different locales at SRI ( SDS-940 at Stanford Research Institute ) . UCSB ( IBM 360/75 at University of California Santa Barbara ) . what's more, Utah ( Dec PDP-10 at the University of Utah ) . This was the main physical web and was wired together through 50 Kbps circuits. ARPANET at this stage utilized NCP ( Network Control Protocol ) . By 1973. advancement started on TCP/IP ( Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol ) thus in 1974. the term Internet’ was utilized in a paper on TCP/IP. The advancement of Ethernet. in 1976. bolstered high speed movement of informations using coaxal abroad messages and drove the establishment for the LAN ( Local Area Network ) . Parcel orbiter undertaking. SATNET. went unrecorded connecting the United states with Europe. Around a similar clasp. UUCP ( Unix â€to-Unix Co Py ) was being created by AT A ; T Bell Labs. The interest to relate together those in Unix Community set off the improvement of the Usenet in 1979. Utilizing natively constructed vehicle dial modems and the UUCP. the Unix shell and the revelation offer ( that were being disseminated with the Unix OS ) . Bellovin. kept in touch with some basic shell books to hold the registering machines consequently ring one another and chase for modifications in the day of the month throws of the documents. The Usenet was mainly sorted out around News the internet and was called as the Poor Man’s ARPANET’ . since fall ining ARPANET required political associations was beyond a reasonable doubt won unreasonably. Woodbury. a Usenet trailblazer from Duke University. depicted how News permitted every intrigued individual to peruse the treatment. also, to ( nearly ) simple infuse a comment and to do sure that all members saw it. Be that as it may. inferable from the moderate speed. the cryptography semantic correspondence was quickly changed to C’ . in this manner going the first discharged variant of Usenet in C programming prevalently known as A News. By 1983. TCP/IP supplanted NCP completely and the DNS ( Domain Name System ) was made so the bundles could be coordinated to a circle name where it would be deciphered by the server database into the comparing IP figure. Connections started to be made between the ARPANET and the Usenet as an outcome of which the figure of locales on the Usenet developed. New T1 lines were laid by NSF ( National Science Foundation ) . The Usenet took a sudden explosion. from 2 articles for each twenty-four hours posted on 3 destinations in 1979. to 1800 articles for every twenty-four hours posted at 11000 destinations by 1988. By 1990. the T3 lines ( 45 Kbps limit ) supplanted the T1 lines and the NSFNET framed the new stay supplanting the ARPANET. The start of 1992 denoted the constitution of an employed Internet Society and the advancement of the World Wide Web. The principal graphical UI. named Mosaic for X. ’ was created on the World Wide Web. By 1994. the Commercialization of the Internet developed in the signifier of the primary ATM ( Asynchronous Transmission Mode ) was introduced on the NSFNET. The free course of the NSFNET was blocked and expense was forced on circles. This portrays the arrangement of occasions that formed the history for as far back as two decennaries. ever since Internet appeared. The Internet designing is persistently changing to suit the requests of one more coevals of basic web building. Trusting that the methodology of improvement will pull off itself. we look frontward to another worldview of Internet Services.

Report In Computer System Example

Report In Computer System Example Report In Computer System â€" Assignment Example > Cloud computing system for Anglia CloudIntroductionThis paper is a report for the board of Anglia Cloud explaining the idea, benefits and dangers of cloud computing as well as recommendations of computers, printers, broadband internet connection, network hardware, and network topology suitable for the system. Meaning of cloud computingCloud Computing is a concept that describes provision of IT resources via a network, usually, the internet. Velte et al (2009, p. 4) have stated that cloud computing allow users to acquire computational resources owned and managed by another entity, which is usually a vender or a service provider. These resources include applications (software), platforms and infrastructures, and are provided as a service (Stanoevska-Slabeva, 2009, p. 48). Therefore, a cloud service can be categorized as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) or infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). Software-as-a-ServiceSoftware-as-a-Service is an idea of software p rovision where the service provider or vendor hosts and distributes applications to clients through a computer network, which is often the internet. SaaS is normally characterized by scalability and on-demand provision. As Roehl-Anderson notes (2010, p. 338) SaaS is increasingly becoming a popular model by which users obtain software; usually, users have the option of scaling up or down the software usage. The service delivery in SaaS can be grouped into two faintly distinct models. One model, which is comparable to application service provider (ASP), is characterized by a service provider hosting and delivering commercially accessible applications to clients through the internet. However, in the other model, the provider delivers via a network an application made purposely for SaaS circulation. Landy and Mastrobattista (2008, p. 86) recognizes the two model of SaaS. Platform-as-a-ServicePlatform-as-a-Service is another form of cloud computing where hardware, operating systems, net work and storage space can be rented and delivered through a network (or the internet). Stanoevska-Slabeva (2009, p. 52) highlights that a “platform is an abstraction layer” separating the virtualized infrastructure and the applications. PaaS is mainly meant to serve the software developers. An example of PaaS distribution is the Google’s App Engine that allows users to run their applications on the company’s infrastructure. Infrastructure-as-a-ServiceInfrastructure-as-a-Service basically involves an organization or rather a client contracting out IT hardware such as servers, networking and storage equipments that are necessary to support certain operations. The out-sourcing entity normally pays for the resources depending on use, while the provider maintains, operates and owns the resources. According to Hurwitz, Bloor, Kaufman and Halper (2009, p. 18) virtualization systems and operating systems (OS) may also be part of the services offered through IaaS. Potential uses a nd relative benefits of cloud servicesThe uses and benefits of cloud computing are enormous. Cloud computing is increasingly being used by organizations to deliver applications and other products to clients. It is an alternative or a supplement to the convention way of distributing products to the consumers. It can be used in connecting mobile workforce in an organization who need to access applications remotely from their computers. Being able to access resources remotely is a huge benefit to users of cloud computing. Through this service, remotely located workers can have access to the resources (applications) they need so long as they have access to the network, or the internet.

The Independent Film Pr Company s Mission - 941 Words

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John Stewart Mill and Aristotle on Happiness - 647 Words

The idea of happiness and the flourishing of man have been the foundations to modern philosophical thought. Aristotle and John Stuart Mill aimed to explain the origin to happiness, and their respective conclusions also resulted in the definition of morality; these conclusions also affected their view of women. Aristotle believed that it was the function of women to remain subservient to men so that man (the citizen) could flourish and provide the good life for the Polis, whereas Mill denotes that equality between men and women produces happiness, and happiness, he argues, leads to pleasure, maintaining human flourishing. To Aristotle, flourishing is a function of happiness; it is human, human seek the greatest good, and that search to acquire any good is itself the process of flourishing. Flourishing is a group effort, according to Aristotle: when the Polis is happy, the people are happy. Women play a supporting role in the Polis, and Aristotle noted that their function in the proces s of flourishing is second to man. Mill conversely believed that though flourishing is uniquely human, humans seek pleasure, and it is the result of that search, not the simultaneous action, that produces flourishing. The idea of flourishing also pertains more closely to the individual level, as Mill saw it, for pleasure is an intimate idea, and unique to the individual. After finding pleasure, and with personal happiness, then society too will flourish. For Mill, women were equal to men becauseShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation by Jeremey Bentham.1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Utilitarianism? I believe that utilitarianism is the theory in which actions are right if they produce happiness and wrong if they don’t produce happiness. Happiness is what every human being look forward to. When making a decision, all possible outcomes must be ensured that it will lead to happiness. Utilitarianism is based on the principle of utility .Util ity is the ability to be useful while satisfying needs. Utilitarianism is generally considered a moral theory that was found by JeremeyRead MoreAristotle s Views On Happiness2248 Words   |  9 Pages Happiness is the fundamental objective of life. This bold statement is unanimously agreed upon among generations of people on every corner of our planet. However, the real question that has been contested for centuries is the true meaning of happiness? The true meaning of happiness is one of the most highly debated philosophy topics in history. Most famous are the writings of Aristotle and John Stuart Mill who both paint very opposing pictures of happiness. Mill believes happiness is obtained throughRead MorePhilosophy of Ethics Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pageswere materialists such as Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, and Plutarch. 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Due to Eddies understanding and application of fundamental ethics, philosophers such as Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, John Rawls, and John Stewart Mill would admire his qualities as both a leader and a member of society, even if they disagree with a few minor details of Eddie’s labor. Aristotle My evaluation of Mr. Shirron’s interview responses have given me hope for the modern world. Eddie clearly has a developed set of virtues he capitalizesRead MoreEthical Decision And On Ethical Issues : The Three Schools Of Ethics And The Correlation Between All Three2346 Words   |  10 Pagesthird order, good is done for others in the relationships even if it costs that individual. Values are extremely important to this individual and roles that were in second order now become relationships. In some sense, one depends on the overall happiness of the other in a relationship. The focus is so much on the relationships that one may feel an overall loss of identity. One also may avoid conflict and or take responsibility of another person in order to avoid conflict. In the fourth order, one

Introduction to the Human Body Level 3 Free Essays

string(42) " an identical clone of the original cell\." Anatomy and Physiology Introduction to the Human body Introduction The human body is such an interesting machine, the way it is structured and how it works is educational. There is so much to learn about the human body and up until today scientists are still under going medical research. There are a lot of questions people would like to know about how their body works. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to the Human Body Level 3 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The report will include the following structures: †¢ Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) †¢ An Organelle †¢ The cell membrane It will also evaluate the functions of the following structures: †¢ The cell †¢ Body tissue Body system Findings 1. 1Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 1. 2An Organelle 1. 3The Cell Membrane 2. 1 The Cell 2. 2 Body Tissue 2. 3 Body System 3. 1 Ultrasound 3. 2 Gastroscopy 3. 3 Similarities, benefits and risks of the two procedures 4. 1 Cloning 1. 1 Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Deoxyribonucleic Acid is a molecule, which passes down information, required for the growth, development and reproduction of an organism. It is passed from adults to their children (offspring). DNA is found inside the nucleus of the cell and due to there being a lot of DNA molecules inside a cell; each molecule must be tightly packed. This then becomes a chromosome. DNA found in the cell nucleus is referred to as nuclear DNA, a human’s complete set of nuclear DNA is called its genome. A genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes; these chromosomes together consist of 3. 1 billion bases of DNA sequence. DNA consists of chains called nucleotides. Theses are made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases. The four types of nitrogen bases found in nucleotides are: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The order or sequence these bases come in, is due to that specific strand of DNA . Each ladder in the DNA is made of two-linked bases. Only (A) and (T) can link together and (G) and (C) can link together. Adenine and Guanine are purines. Purines are double ringed structures. Cytosine and Thymine are singled ringed structures and are known as pyramidines. Each DNA sequence that contains instructions, to make a protein, is known as a gene. DNA is used to make proteins in a two-step process. Enzymes read the information in a DNA molecule and then transcribe it into an intermediary molecule called messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA), or mRNA. Next the information in the molecules is translated into the â€Å"language† of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. (Appendix i) 1. 2 An Organelle An organelle is a discrete structure within a cell, as chloroplast or acentriole. It is characterised by having specialised functions, a usually distinctive chemical composition and an identifying molecule structure: often found in large numbers in aparticular cell. Organelles have specific roles to play in how cells work. Some organelles are separated from the rest of the cell by lipid bi-layers similar in structure to the cell membrane. An example of an organelle is ribosomes. The function of ribosomes is the assembly of proteins, in a process called translation. Ribosomes do this by catalysing the assembly of individual amino acids into polypeptide chains; this involves binding a messenger RNA and then using this as a template to join together the correct sequence of amino acids. (Appendix ii) 1. 3 The Cell Membrane All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, and its primary purpose is to keep the contents of the cell all together. Cell membranes are like many other organelles of a cell because they exist for a specific job. This job is to monitor and control everything that enters and leaves the cell. The cell membrane is made up of lipid molecules called phospholipids. These molecules all have one polar head and two hydrocarbon tails according to cellupedia. There are three main classes of lipid molecules, which make up a cell membrane. These classes include phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol. The particular amount of these lipids varies across different membranes. The cell membrane is mobile and moves along â€Å"groves† which are set paths the membrane follow. Membranes are composed phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates arranged in a fluid mosaic structure. The phospholipids form a thin, flexible sheet, while the proteins float in the phospholipids sheet and the carbohydrates extend out from the proteins. (Appendix iii) 2. 1 The Cell A cell is the smallest unit of living matter. All living things including plants and animals are made up of cells. Cells are made of atoms, which are the smallest units of matter. There are many different kinds of cells. All cells have a â€Å"skin† called plasma membrane, protecting it from the outside environment. The cell membrane regulates the movement of water, nutrients and wastes into and out of the cell. Inside of the cell membrane are the working parts of the cell. At the centre of the cell is the cell nucleus. The cell nucleus contains the cell’s DNA, the genetic code that coordinates protein synthesis. In addition to the nucleus, there are many organelles inside of the cell, small structures that help carry out the day to day operations of the cell. Organelles are groups of complex molecules that help a cell survive. There are many functions that the cell has to carry out: molecule transport, reproduction, energy conversion and many more. I have chosen to discuss reproduction as one of the cells functions. Reproduction One of the main purposes of human beings and living creatures is to survive. To be able to do this the cells must be able to reproduce. Reproduction allows a species of cells to increase its population and have a higher competitive advantage. Second, sexual reproduction can help introduce genetic variation into specie which can be beneficial in the long run. Example of this might be the difference in looks between individuals. Cells can reproduce in two ways, mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, the resulting daughter cell is an identical clone of the original cell. You read "Introduction to the Human Body Level 3" in category "Essay examples" Mitosis is mostly used by somatic cells (cells of the body). Meiosis however, is the form of sexual reproduction and only occurs in gametes (reproductive cells). Mitosis If an organism is to live and grow up it must reproduce. Cell division serves an important role in organisms’ health and growth. Cell division begins with interphase, when the cell replicates all of its genomic and cytoplasmic material and prepares for division. After the cell enters the 4-phased mitosis. To see the similarities between mitosis and meiosis see appendix. (Appendix IV) 2. 2 Body Tissue Body tissue is a layer of cells that perform a function. Different types of tissues have different structures that are specific to that function. Tissues can be held together by a sticky coating called an â€Å"extracellular matrix†. The Latin word for tissue is derived from the verb texere, â€Å"to weave†. The major tissue types in the human body: †¢ Connective †¢ Muscular †¢ Nervous System †¢ Lymphatic The type of tissue that has been selected is muscle tissue. Muscle Tissue Muscle tissue contains a number of microfilaments composed of actins’ and myosin, which are contractile proteins. There are three types of tissue: Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and visceral (smooth) muscle. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart. The cells are joined to one another by intercalated discs which allow the synchronisation of the heartbeat. Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones by tendons. Skeletal muscle is striated muscle. Unlike cardiac muscle, the cells are not branched. Visceral muscle is found in: the arteries, the bladder, the digestive tract and in many other organs. Visceral muscle contracts slower than skeletal muscle, but the contraction can be sustained over a long period of time. (Appendix v) 2. 3 Body System There are 11 systems in the body they are as follows: The Circulatory system Digestive system Endocrine system Immune system Lymphatic system Muscular system Nervous system Reproductive system Skeletal system. (Appendix VI) The system that has been selected is ‘The Reproductive System’. Reproductive System Females have sex organs of: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. Whereas the males sex organs are: vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and the penis. In the reproductive system a female needs a male to fertilise her egg. There are two types of sex cells known as gametes, the male gamete is sperm and the females’ gamete is the egg. The females’ vagina has several functions: used for sexual intercourse, the pathway that the baby comes out at childbirth, as the route for the menstrual blood (period) to leave the body from the uterus and for a tampon to be used during the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle lasts for around 28 days, during this cycle a egg is released from the females’ ovaries once every month and goes down the fallopian tubes to be fertilised. If the egg does not get fertilised it dries up and two weeks later leaves the body through the vagina, which causes the female to have her period. A period is forms of blood and tissue from the inner lining of the uterus. A period can last anything up to 5 days or longer. Females will not have a period until they have started puberty; puberty usually starts when females and males are aged around 11-14. If the male and female sex cell are fertilised the egg that is released will not dry up and the female will not have a period. The egg will then make its way to the uterus and grow into a foetus. Appendix vii) 3. 1 1st diagnostic procedure- Ultrasound Ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that may be used during pregnancy for finding out the sex of the foetus and whether there is more than one foetus, ultrasound also identifies the measurements of the foetus. The sonographer, is the person who carries out the procedure, she or he can usually tell you how many weeks old your foetus is. The mother usually has an ultrasound twice in nine months, the first at 3 months and the second at 5 months. Usually at the second scan you will be able to find out if the baby is a boy or a girl. Ultrasound can find any complications or problems that the baby might have during the pregnancy. They put a cold gel on the mothers’ bump and press the transducer across the bump to see inside of the belly. Having experienced this procedure confirms that ultrasound is a very accurate method of confirming all of the above. (Appendix viii) 3. 2 2nd diagnostic procedure- Gastroscopy Gastroscopy is used if a person is suffering problems, such as severe heartburn or indigestion. An individual may then be required to have a Gastroscopy. It is a diagnostic procedure that allows doctors to look at the upper part of the digestive system. The doctor uses a tiny camera on the end of a flexible tube which is called an endoscope. It is then fed down your throat and down through the tube that carries your food to your stomach which is called oesophagus. It is then into your stomach. Once in place the camera shows the image onto a screen for the doctor to diagnose any problems. It usually takes between 5-20 minutes to perform the procedure. It is usually performed at an outpatient department, which means you can go home the same day. You should not eat anything for six hours before the procedure as the stomach needs to be empty. (Appendix ix) . 3 Similarities, benefits and risks of the two diagnostic procedures The two diagnostic procedures are only similar in a few ways. When both procedures are performed you get to leave the hospital the same day. Both procedures take no less than 5 minutes and no longer than 20 minutes. There should be no pain in either of the procedures performed. However, Ultrasound does not have any risks whereas Gastroscopy has a few risks. Some of the benefits of having an Ultrasound are: †¢ There are no needles or injections and the procedure is painless †¢ Ultrasound imaging uses no ionizing radiation Causes no health problems †¢ Gives a clear picture of soft tissues, that do not show up in an x-ray †¢ There are no risks Some of the risks for having a Gastroscopy are: †¢ The individual may have a sore throat for a day or two afterwards, this is caused if the endoscope scrapes your throat †¢ Small risk that the endoscope could tear your stomach which is known as perforation †¢ Risk of chest infection or pneumonia is slightly higher than normal †¢ When the endoscope is removed your likely to gag or rench (Appendix x) 4. 1 Cloning This is the topic which has been selected to discuss. There are 4 types of cloning: Recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. People are most familiar with reproductive cloning when it comes to talk about cloning. Reproductive Cloning Reproductive Cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same DNA as an existing animal or a previous existing animal. Scientists transfer genetic material from the nucleus of a donor adult cell to an egg whose nucleus has been removed. The DNA from the reconstructed egg must be treated with chemicals or electric current in order to stimulate cell division. This process is known as â€Å"somatic cell nuclear transfer†. Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, it is then placed into the animals’ uterus where it continues to grow until birth. Scientists have bee cloning animals for many years since 1952; hundreds of cloned animals such as sheep and cows exist today. Scientists are hoping to be able to use cloning by generating tissues and organs to use for transplants. To do this the patient waiting for a transplant, would have DNA extracted from their body. This would then be inserted into an enucleated egg. After the DNA starts to divide, embryonic stem cells that can be transformed into a tissue would then be harvested. The stem cells would then be used to generate an organ or tissue, which is a genetic match to the patient Reproductive cloning is contentious as it seeks to create a duplicate of an existing animal. Until the birth of Dolly the sheep in 1996, there was doubt that this would work in mammals, but now some scientists are trying to clone a human. Many ethical arguments against human cloning are caused by misconceptions. Many people seem to think that clones will have the same sort of characteristics and personalities as the person from which they were cloned. Also some people seem to believe that clone will be both physically and behaviourally the same as the donor. Many people also believe that cloning would lead to the loss of individuality however; cloned people have their own personality that is dissimilar from whom they were cloned according to the House Judiciary Committee. Signature: Date: How to cite Introduction to the Human Body Level 3, Essay examples

The Impact of Personality on Organizational Productivity and Change Management

Introduction The 21st century has seen the organizational environment evolve to the level of requiring strong human resource management principles. Constant change in organizations has emerged as a necessity, with managers realizing that change is important in any organization to improve its overall performance and competitiveness. Change management is the process of ensuring that organizational transformation is smooth.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impact of Personality on Organizational Productivity and Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, it qualifies as an important aspect of any organization that is undergoing change. The personality traits of employees and the management team are important in determining the course of change. Such traits can influence the outcome in organizations undergoing transformation. Positive personality traits are beneficial to the overall org anizational productivity while the negative traits lead to slow implementation of change. This paper looks at change management by human resource departments in organizations. It focuses on the effect that personality has on change management and organizational performance. Personality Personality is a contributor of workforce diversity. Its effects on organizational performance have widely been studied in the field of organizational behavior. Personality is one type of organizational diversity that makes organizations more successful in relation to others (Rao 15). Organizations that are able to capitalize on the diversity of their workforce are described as being more successful than those that are unable to utilize the advantages that come along with this organizational trait (Rao 16). The diversity of workforce includes the individual similarities or differences that employees demonstrate. Therefore, personality is a good example of diversity. The performance of an organization is dependent on the personality of its workforce in a number of ways. The personality displayed by employees may be beneficial to the overall organizational performance or detrimental to the organizational productivity. The output of an individual is dependent on his or her qualities. Hardworking individuals are a benefit to the organization in terms of performance. Personality has been a subject of many studies based on its effects on organizational productivity, with researchers such as Judge, Ryan, Simon, and Yang evaluating how personality traits of employees influence their work output. Employees who have a negative attitude towards their work have high chances of performing poorly in relation to those who have a passion for their job.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One trait that researchers established to be a significant positive influence on work performan ce is conscientiousness (Aswathappa 41). Aswathappa stated that this personality trait was a powerful one in the prediction of organizational performance, with emotional stability being a weaker predictor of organizational performance. The other three personality traits that together with conscientiousness and emotional stability were considered the big five traits influencing organizational performance include â€Å"openness, agreeableness, and extraversion† (Judge et al. 1985). Other researchers have also discovered other personality traits that may be important determinants of organizational performance, including core self-evaluations (Judge et al. 1985). Change Management Organizational planning is a key determinant of its performance. In the current age of globalization and information age, organizational environments are changing at a rapid rate. Only organizations that are able to keep up with the change are able to remain competitive, with those that are slow to adap t to change missing the market. Accordingly, change is a significant disruption or alteration to the expected patterns in any process or activity (Mkoji and Sikalieh 185). Change has been a human principle since time immemorial. It is attributable to the peculiar characteristics of human beings. Organizations need to plan effectively before instituting any changes since the results of any change determine the expected outcome. Change has led to the evolvement of newer management techniques and organizational structures, with this change being at the expense of several other structures (Aswathappa 41). If not adequately managed, change in an organization has the potential to cause disastrous results. Therefore, organizations need to be in control of the factors that affect the change process in organizations to ensure that any changes work to the organizational benefit. This desire by the organizational managers and other stakeholders to influence the results brought about by any org anizational change has led to the development of change management. Change management is â€Å"Managing the process of implementing major changes in IT, business processes, organizational structures, and job assignments to reduce the risks and costs of change, and to optimize its benefits† (Andriessen and Fahlbruch 27).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Impact of Personality on Organizational Productivity and Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Personality and Change Management Change management requires the management of the organization to be committed to the involved processes. Available structures in an organization need to be adequate to sustain the change. In change management, the involved workers are advised to analyze the impeding changes before they implement them. They need to develop appropriate programs to alleviate and minimize any predictable extra costs and risks (Mkoji and Sikalie 185). The analysis constitutes the best ways of ensuring that the organization benefits financially to the changes. Personality is important at all levels of implementing and planning change in organizations. Human resource management is important in the process of instituting change. Important factors such as individual traits influence the way the change is handled. The personality of individuals who are tasked with organizational change determines the way they institute change (Andriessen and Fahlbruch 27). Some of the employees who are not part of the change may have personality traits that are not compatible with the change. Therefore, they end up frustrating the change efforts. The rate at which change is implemented is also dependent on the personality traits displayed by individuals who are tasked with change management. The personality of employees and the management team may be a positive influence to the process of change in an organization. People with high self-esteem, responsible, and self-driven are beneficial in the process of change management. They require minimal supervision if any. Therefore, the process of instituting change in any organization benefits from the availability of such personality traits among its workforce. Some of the major personalities that may not be beneficial to the process of change management include laziness and incompetence at the workplace. However, these personalities can be managed through appropriate and effective planning to ensure that the process of change is smooth. Human resource management needs to carry out activities such as motivational measures and employee rewarding sessions to ensure that it influences the personality of the organization’s employees in an effort to induce better and desirable traits (Judge et al. 1985). This department has the mandate to recruit employees who are competent in the organizational operations besides being able to adapt to the new changes and/o r the change processes in the organization (Aswathappa 41).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another way of neutralizing personality and its effect on organizational change to fit the organizational requirement is through the formation of teams and participation in teamwork (Andriessen and Fahlbruch 27). There is a positive correlation between the success of change management in organizations and the applied level of teamwork. Organizational productivity is a product of effective change management and the appropriate personality traits. The measurement of organizational success in the implementation of change is only possible through the organization productivity. As stated earlier, organizations that practice effective change management have a demonstrated benefit. Human resource departments can influence the personality of individuals through the promotion of an organizational culture that allows progressive interaction between employees. The most basic way that human resource managers can influence the personality of their employees based on how they associate with chang e is training (Andriessen and Fahlbruch 27). Therefore, organizations can develop a culture of training their employees and instilling the organizational values. Training on change management may begin as early as when the employees join the organization. Every change should be communicated adequately. Conclusion In conclusion, change is a necessity to any organization that desires to improve its overall performance and competitiveness in the 21st century. Therefore, change management qualifies as an important aspect of any organization that is undergoing change. This report establishes that individuality is an imperative feature to consider while dealing with change management since it can influence the outcome in organizations that wish to embrace change. There are positive impacts of personality on organizational change management. However, the negative impacts need to be avoided for organization to remain on tract in terms of its goals and objectives. Ways to assure positive cha nge management and excellent personality traits of employees include teamwork and employee training. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to embark on training of their employees as a strategy of boosting their personality, especially with regard to their attitude towards their work and workplace. Works Cited Andriessen, Erik and Babette Fahlbruch. How to manage experience sharing from organizational surprises to organizational knowledge. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004. Print. Aswathappa, Kevin. Organizational behavior. India: Himalaya Pub. House, 2009. Print. Judge, Timothy, Klinger Ryan, Lauren Simon and Irene Yang. â€Å"The Contributions of Personality to Organizational Behavior and Psychology: Findings, Criticisms, and Future Research Directions.† Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2.5 (2008): 1982–2000. Print. Mkoji, Davis and Damary Sikalieh. â€Å"The Influence of Personality Dimensions on Organizational Performance.† International Journal of Humani ties and Social Science 2.17(2012): 184-194. Print. Rao, Paul. Organizational behavior. India: Himalaya Pub. House, 2010. Print. This research paper on The Impact of Personality on Organizational Productivity and Change Management was written and submitted by user Trey Dillon to help you with your own studies. 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